Alginate is a natural polysaccharide (a type of carbohydrate) derived from the cell walls of brown seaweed, primarily Macrocystis and Laminaria species. It is a water-soluble salt formed when alginic acid, a compound extracted from seaweed, is neutralized with sodium hydroxide.
Soluble in water: Alginate dissolves easily in water to form a viscous solution. Its solubility makes it useful as a thickener and emulsifier in food, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical formulations.
Gel-forming: When mixed with calcium ions (Ca²⁺), Alginate undergoes ionic cross-linking to form a gel. This property is widely utilized in food science (e.g., creating edible gels) and medical applications (e.g., wound dressings and controlled drug release systems).